How to Create a Strong Password: Length, Entropy and Password Managers
Rules like 'include one special character' are familiar, but what really makes a password strong is randomness and length. Doing the maths shows clearly why some passwords are weak.
Attackers use three main methods: credential stuffing, which replays user names and passwords leaked from other sites; dictionary attacks, which try common passwords and words; and brute force, which tries every combination.
6 digits : 6 × log2(10) ≈ 20 bits
16 random lowercase letters : 16 × log2(26) ≈ 75 bits
12 random chars from 94 : 12 × log2(94) ≈ 79 bits
16 random letters and digits : 16 × log2(62) ≈ 95 bits
How to calculate password entropy, why length beats complexity rules, which patterns to avoid and how to use a password manager.Read guide →